A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture
Identifieur interne : 003226 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 003225; suivant : 003227A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture
Auteurs : Monika Karmin [Estonie] ; Lauri Saag [Estonie] ; Mário Vicente [Royaume-Uni] ; Melissa A. Wilson Sayres [États-Unis] ; Mari J Rve [Estonie] ; Ulvi Gerst Talas [Estonie] ; Siiri Rootsi [Estonie] ; Anne-Mai Ilum E [Estonie] ; Reedik M Gi [Estonie] ; Mario Mitt [Estonie] ; Luca Pagani [Royaume-Uni] ; Tarmo Puurand [Estonie] ; Zuzana Faltyskova [Royaume-Uni] ; Florian Clemente [Royaume-Uni] ; Alexia Cardona [Royaume-Uni] ; Ene Metspalu [Estonie] ; Hovhannes Sahakyan [Estonie, Arménie] ; Bayazit Yunusbayev [Estonie, Russie] ; Georgi Hudjashov [Estonie, Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Michael Degiorgio [États-Unis] ; Eva-Liis Loogv Li [Estonie] ; Christina Eichstaedt [Royaume-Uni] ; Mikk Eelmets [Estonie] ; Gyaneshwer Chaubey [Estonie] ; Kristiina Tambets [Estonie] ; Sergei Litvinov [Estonie, Russie] ; Maru Mormina [Royaume-Uni] ; Yali Xue [Royaume-Uni] ; Qasim Ayub [Royaume-Uni] ; Grigor Zoraqi [Albanie] ; Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen [États-Unis, Danemark] ; Farida Akhatova [Russie] ; Joseph Lachance [États-Unis] ; Sarah Tishkoff [États-Unis] ; Kuvat Momynaliev [Russie] ; François-Xavier Ricaut [France] ; Pradiptajati Kusuma [France, Indonésie] ; Harilanto Razafindrazaka [France] ; Denis Pierron [France] ; Murray P. Cox [Nouvelle-Zélande] ; Gazi Nurun Nahar Sultana [Bangladesh] ; Rane Willerslev [Danemark] ; Craig Muller [Danemark] ; Michael Westaway [Australie] ; David Lambert [Australie] ; Vedrana Skaro [Croatie] ; Lejla Kova Evic [Allemagne] ; Shahlo Turdikulova [Ouzbékistan] ; Dilbar Dalimova [Ouzbékistan] ; Rita Khusainova [Russie] ; Natalya Trofimova [Estonie, Russie] ; Vita Akhmetova [Russie] ; Irina Khidiyatova [Russie] ; Daria V. Lichman [Russie] ; Jainagul Isakova [Kirghizistan] ; Elvira Pocheshkhova [Russie] ; Zhaxylyk Sabitov [Kazakhstan] ; Nikolay A. Barashkov [Russie] ; Pagbajabyn Nymadawa [Mongolie] ; Evelin Mihailov [Estonie] ; Joseph Wee Tien Seng [Singapour] ; Irina Evseeva [Russie, Royaume-Uni] ; Andrea Bamberg Migliano [Royaume-Uni] ; Syafiq Abdullah [Brunei] ; George Andriadze [Géorgie (pays)] ; Dragan Primorac [Croatie, États-Unis] ; Lubov Atramentova [Ukraine] ; Olga Utevska [Ukraine] ; Levon Yepiskoposyan [Arménie] ; Damir Marjanovic [Croatie, Bosnie-Herzégovine] ; Alena Kushniarevich [Estonie, Biélorussie] ; Doron M. Behar [Estonie] ; Christian Gilissen [Pays-Bas] ; Lisenka Vissers [Pays-Bas] ; Joris A. Veltman [Pays-Bas] ; Elena Balanovska [Russie] ; Miroslava Derenko [Russie] ; Boris Malyarchuk [Russie] ; Andres Metspalu [Estonie] ; Sardana Fedorova [Russie] ; Anders Eriksson [Royaume-Uni, Arabie saoudite] ; Andrea Manica [Royaume-Uni] ; Fernando L. Mendez [États-Unis] ; Tatiana M. Karafet [États-Unis] ; Krishna R. Veeramah [États-Unis] ; Neil Bradman [Royaume-Uni] ; Michael F. Hammer [États-Unis] ; Ludmila P. Osipova [Russie] ; Oleg Balanovsky [Russie] ; Elza K. Khusnutdinova [Russie] ; Knut Johnsen [Norvège] ; Maido Remm [Estonie] ; Mark G. Thomas [Royaume-Uni] ; Chris Tyler-Smith [Royaume-Uni] ; Peter A. Underhill [États-Unis] ; Eske Willerslev [Danemark] ; Rasmus Nielsen [États-Unis] ; Mait Metspalu [Estonie] ; Richard Villems [Estonie] ; Toomas Kivisild [Estonie, Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Genome Research [ 1088-9051 ] ; 2015.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- ADN mitochondrial (génétique), Analyse de séquence d'ADN, Chromosomes Y humains (génétique), Génétique des populations, Haplotypes (génétique), Humains, Modèles génétiques, Mâle, Phylogénie, Populations d'origine continentale (génétique), Séquence nucléotidique, Variation génétique (génétique), Évolution moléculaire.
- MESH :
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : DNA, Mitochondrial.
- genetics : Chromosomes, Human, Y, Continental Population Groups, Genetic Variation, Haplotypes.
- Base Sequence, Evolution, Molecular, Genetics, Population, Humans, Male, Models, Genetic, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA.
Abstract
It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50–100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192–307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47–52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.
Url:
DOI: 10.1101/gr.186684.114
PubMed: 25770088
PubMed Central: 4381518
Affiliations:
- Albanie, Allemagne, Arabie saoudite, Arménie, Australie, Bangladesh, Biélorussie, Bosnie-Herzégovine, Brunei, Croatie, Danemark, Estonie, France, Géorgie (pays), Indonésie, Kazakhstan, Kirghizistan, Mongolie, Norvège, Nouvelle-Zélande, Ouzbékistan, Pays-Bas, Royaume-Uni, Russie, Singapour, Ukraine, États-Unis
- Angleterre, Angleterre de l'Est, Grand Londres, Géorgie (États-Unis), Pennsylvanie
- Cambridge, Londres, University Park (Pennsylvanie)
- University College de Londres, Université d'État de Pennsylvanie, Université de Cambridge
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 001846
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 001706
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 001211
- to stream PubMed, to step Corpus: 002E43
- to stream PubMed, to step Curation: 002D67
- to stream PubMed, to step Checkpoint: 002D67
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 002346
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 002346
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 002346
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 003227
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 003226
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture</title><author><name sortKey="Karmin, Monika" sort="Karmin, Monika" uniqKey="Karmin M" first="Monika" last="Karmin">Monika Karmin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saag, Lauri" sort="Saag, Lauri" uniqKey="Saag L" first="Lauri" last="Saag">Lauri Saag</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3">Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vicente, Mario" sort="Vicente, Mario" uniqKey="Vicente M" first="Mário" last="Vicente">Mário Vicente</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sayres, Melissa A Wilson" sort="Sayres, Melissa A Wilson" uniqKey="Sayres M" first="Melissa A. Wilson" last="Sayres">Melissa A. Wilson Sayres</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>California 94720</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af6">School of Life Sciences and The Biodesign Institute, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5001, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences and The Biodesign Institute, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5001</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Arizona 85287-5001</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rve, Mari" sort="J Rve, Mari" uniqKey="J Rve M" first="Mari" last="J Rve">Mari J Rve</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Talas, Ulvi Gerst" sort="Talas, Ulvi Gerst" uniqKey="Talas U" first="Ulvi Gerst" last="Talas">Ulvi Gerst Talas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7">Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rootsi, Siiri" sort="Rootsi, Siiri" uniqKey="Rootsi S" first="Siiri" last="Rootsi">Siiri Rootsi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ilum E, Anne Mai" sort="Ilum E, Anne Mai" uniqKey="Ilum E A" first="Anne-Mai" last="Ilum E">Anne-Mai Ilum E</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af8">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitt, Mario" sort="Mitt, Mario" uniqKey="Mitt M" first="Mario" last="Mitt">Mario Mitt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af8">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af9">Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pagani, Luca" sort="Pagani, Luca" uniqKey="Pagani L" first="Luca" last="Pagani">Luca Pagani</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Puurand, Tarmo" sort="Puurand, Tarmo" uniqKey="Puurand T" first="Tarmo" last="Puurand">Tarmo Puurand</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7">Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faltyskova, Zuzana" sort="Faltyskova, Zuzana" uniqKey="Faltyskova Z" first="Zuzana" last="Faltyskova">Zuzana Faltyskova</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clemente, Florian" sort="Clemente, Florian" uniqKey="Clemente F" first="Florian" last="Clemente">Florian Clemente</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cardona, Alexia" sort="Cardona, Alexia" uniqKey="Cardona A" first="Alexia" last="Cardona">Alexia Cardona</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Ene" sort="Metspalu, Ene" uniqKey="Metspalu E" first="Ene" last="Metspalu">Ene Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" sort="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" uniqKey="Sahakyan H" first="Hovhannes" last="Sahakyan">Hovhannes Sahakyan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af10">Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arménie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>0014</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yunusbayev, Bayazit" sort="Yunusbayev, Bayazit" uniqKey="Yunusbayev B" first="Bayazit" last="Yunusbayev">Bayazit Yunusbayev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hudjashov, Georgi" sort="Hudjashov, Georgi" uniqKey="Hudjashov G" first="Georgi" last="Hudjashov">Georgi Hudjashov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af12">Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Degiorgio, Michael" sort="Degiorgio, Michael" uniqKey="Degiorgio M" first="Michael" last="Degiorgio">Michael Degiorgio</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af13">Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'État de Pennsylvanie</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">University Park (Pennsylvanie)</settlement><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loogv Li, Eva Liis" sort="Loogv Li, Eva Liis" uniqKey="Loogv Li E" first="Eva-Liis" last="Loogv Li">Eva-Liis Loogv Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eichstaedt, Christina" sort="Eichstaedt, Christina" uniqKey="Eichstaedt C" first="Christina" last="Eichstaedt">Christina Eichstaedt</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eelmets, Mikk" sort="Eelmets, Mikk" uniqKey="Eelmets M" first="Mikk" last="Eelmets">Mikk Eelmets</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7">Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaubey, Gyaneshwer" sort="Chaubey, Gyaneshwer" uniqKey="Chaubey G" first="Gyaneshwer" last="Chaubey">Gyaneshwer Chaubey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tambets, Kristiina" sort="Tambets, Kristiina" uniqKey="Tambets K" first="Kristiina" last="Tambets">Kristiina Tambets</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Litvinov, Sergei" sort="Litvinov, Sergei" uniqKey="Litvinov S" first="Sergei" last="Litvinov">Sergei Litvinov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mormina, Maru" sort="Mormina, Maru" uniqKey="Mormina M" first="Maru" last="Mormina">Maru Mormina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af14">Department of Applied Social Sciences, University of Winchester, Winchester, SO22 4NR, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Applied Social Sciences, University of Winchester, Winchester, SO22 4NR</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SO22 4NR</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xue, Yali" sort="Xue, Yali" uniqKey="Xue Y" first="Yali" last="Xue">Yali Xue</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af15">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CB10 1SA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayub, Qasim" sort="Ayub, Qasim" uniqKey="Ayub Q" first="Qasim" last="Ayub">Qasim Ayub</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af15">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CB10 1SA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zoraqi, Grigor" sort="Zoraqi, Grigor" uniqKey="Zoraqi G" first="Grigor" last="Zoraqi">Grigor Zoraqi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af16">Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Genetic Research, University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tirana, ALB1005, Albania;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Albanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Genetic Research, University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tirana, ALB1005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>ALB1005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand" sort="Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand" uniqKey="Korneliussen T" first="Thorfinn Sand" last="Korneliussen">Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>California 94720</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af17">Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350, Denmark;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-1350</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akhatova, Farida" sort="Akhatova, Farida" uniqKey="Akhatova F" first="Farida" last="Akhatova">Farida Akhatova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af18">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450074</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af19">Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>420008</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lachance, Joseph" sort="Lachance, Joseph" uniqKey="Lachance J" first="Joseph" last="Lachance">Joseph Lachance</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af20">Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pennsylvania 19104-6145</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af21">School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, Georgia, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, Georgia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tishkoff, Sarah" sort="Tishkoff, Sarah" uniqKey="Tishkoff S" first="Sarah" last="Tishkoff">Sarah Tishkoff</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af20">Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pennsylvania 19104-6145</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af22">Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6313, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6313</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pennsylvania 19104-6313</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Momynaliev, Kuvat" sort="Momynaliev, Kuvat" uniqKey="Momynaliev K" first="Kuvat" last="Momynaliev">Kuvat Momynaliev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af23">DNcode Laboratories, Moscow, 119992, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>DNcode Laboratories, Moscow, 119992</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>119992</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ricaut, Francois Xavier" sort="Ricaut, Francois Xavier" uniqKey="Ricaut F" first="François-Xavier" last="Ricaut">François-Xavier Ricaut</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af24">Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073, France;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31073</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>31073</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kusuma, Pradiptajati" sort="Kusuma, Pradiptajati" uniqKey="Kusuma P" first="Pradiptajati" last="Kusuma">Pradiptajati Kusuma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af24">Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073, France;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31073</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>31073</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af25">Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country><wicri:regionArea>Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, 10430</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>10430</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Razafindrazaka, Harilanto" sort="Razafindrazaka, Harilanto" uniqKey="Razafindrazaka H" first="Harilanto" last="Razafindrazaka">Harilanto Razafindrazaka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af24">Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073, France;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31073</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>31073</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pierron, Denis" sort="Pierron, Denis" uniqKey="Pierron D" first="Denis" last="Pierron">Denis Pierron</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af24">Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073, France;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31073</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>31073</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cox, Murray P" sort="Cox, Murray P" uniqKey="Cox M" first="Murray P." last="Cox">Murray P. Cox</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af26">Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>4442</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar" sort="Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar" uniqKey="Sultana G" first="Gazi Nurun Nahar" last="Sultana">Gazi Nurun Nahar Sultana</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af27">Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), DNA Sequencing Research Laboratory, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), DNA Sequencing Research Laboratory, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Dhaka-1000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dhaka-1000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willerslev, Rane" sort="Willerslev, Rane" uniqKey="Willerslev R" first="Rane" last="Willerslev">Rane Willerslev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af28">Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-8000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Craig" sort="Muller, Craig" uniqKey="Muller C" first="Craig" last="Muller">Craig Muller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af17">Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350, Denmark;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-1350</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Westaway, Michael" sort="Westaway, Michael" uniqKey="Westaway M" first="Michael" last="Westaway">Michael Westaway</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af29">Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>4111</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lambert, David" sort="Lambert, David" uniqKey="Lambert D" first="David" last="Lambert">David Lambert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af29">Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>4111</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skaro, Vedrana" sort="Skaro, Vedrana" uniqKey="Skaro V" first="Vedrana" last="Skaro">Vedrana Skaro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af30">Genos, DNA Laboratory, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Genos, DNA Laboratory, Zagreb, 10000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>10000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af31">University of Osijek, Medical School, Osijek, 31000, Croatia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Osijek, Medical School, Osijek, 31000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kova Evic, Lejla" sort="Kova Evic, Lejla" uniqKey="Kova Evic L" first="Lejla" last="Kova Evic">Lejla Kova Evic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af32">Centogene AG, Rostock, 18057, Germany;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centogene AG, Rostock, 18057</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>18057</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>18057</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>18057</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turdikulova, Shahlo" sort="Turdikulova, Shahlo" uniqKey="Turdikulova S" first="Shahlo" last="Turdikulova">Shahlo Turdikulova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af33">Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Science, Tashkent, 100143, Uzbekistan;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouzbékistan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Science, Tashkent, 100143</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>100143</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dalimova, Dilbar" sort="Dalimova, Dilbar" uniqKey="Dalimova D" first="Dilbar" last="Dalimova">Dilbar Dalimova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af33">Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Science, Tashkent, 100143, Uzbekistan;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouzbékistan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Science, Tashkent, 100143</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>100143</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khusainova, Rita" sort="Khusainova, Rita" uniqKey="Khusainova R" first="Rita" last="Khusainova">Rita Khusainova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af18">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450074</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trofimova, Natalya" sort="Trofimova, Natalya" uniqKey="Trofimova N" first="Natalya" last="Trofimova">Natalya Trofimova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akhmetova, Vita" sort="Akhmetova, Vita" uniqKey="Akhmetova V" first="Vita" last="Akhmetova">Vita Akhmetova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khidiyatova, Irina" sort="Khidiyatova, Irina" uniqKey="Khidiyatova I" first="Irina" last="Khidiyatova">Irina Khidiyatova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af18">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450074</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lichman, Daria V" sort="Lichman, Daria V" uniqKey="Lichman D" first="Daria V." last="Lichman">Daria V. Lichman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af34">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isakova, Jainagul" sort="Isakova, Jainagul" uniqKey="Isakova J" first="Jainagul" last="Isakova">Jainagul Isakova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af35">Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Bishkek, 720040, Kyrgyzstan;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kirghizistan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Bishkek, 720040</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>720040</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pocheshkhova, Elvira" sort="Pocheshkhova, Elvira" uniqKey="Pocheshkhova E" first="Elvira" last="Pocheshkhova">Elvira Pocheshkhova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af36">Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, 350063, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, 350063</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>350063</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sabitov, Zhaxylyk" sort="Sabitov, Zhaxylyk" uniqKey="Sabitov Z" first="Zhaxylyk" last="Sabitov">Zhaxylyk Sabitov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af37">L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kazakhstan</country><wicri:regionArea>L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010008</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>010008</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af38">Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kazakhstan</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>010000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barashkov, Nikolay A" sort="Barashkov, Nikolay A" uniqKey="Barashkov N" first="Nikolay A." last="Barashkov">Nikolay A. Barashkov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af39">Department of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Scientific Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, 677010, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Scientific Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, 677010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>677010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af40">Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>677000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn" sort="Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn" uniqKey="Nymadawa P" first="Pagbajabyn" last="Nymadawa">Pagbajabyn Nymadawa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af41">Mongolian Academy of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 210620, Mongolia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mongolie</country><wicri:regionArea>Mongolian Academy of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 210620</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>210620</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mihailov, Evelin" sort="Mihailov, Evelin" uniqKey="Mihailov E" first="Evelin" last="Mihailov">Evelin Mihailov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af8">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seng, Joseph Wee Tien" sort="Seng, Joseph Wee Tien" uniqKey="Seng J" first="Joseph Wee Tien" last="Seng">Joseph Wee Tien Seng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af42">National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610, Singapore;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>169610</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evseeva, Irina" sort="Evseeva, Irina" uniqKey="Evseeva I" first="Irina" last="Evseeva">Irina Evseeva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af43">Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, 163000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>163000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af44">Anthony Nolan, London, NW3 2NU, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Anthony Nolan, London, NW3 2NU</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NW3 2NU</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Migliano, Andrea Bamberg" sort="Migliano, Andrea Bamberg" uniqKey="Migliano A" first="Andrea Bamberg" last="Migliano">Andrea Bamberg Migliano</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af45">Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdullah, Syafiq" sort="Abdullah, Syafiq" uniqKey="Abdullah S" first="Syafiq" last="Abdullah">Syafiq Abdullah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af46">RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1518, Brunei;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brunei</country><wicri:regionArea>RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1518</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BE1518</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andriadze, George" sort="Andriadze, George" uniqKey="Andriadze G" first="George" last="Andriadze">George Andriadze</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af47">Scientific-Research Center of the Caucasian Ethnic Groups, St. Andrews Georgian University, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Géorgie (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Scientific-Research Center of the Caucasian Ethnic Groups, St. Andrews Georgian University, Tbilisi, 0162</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>0162</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Primorac, Dragan" sort="Primorac, Dragan" uniqKey="Primorac D" first="Dragan" last="Primorac">Dragan Primorac</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af31">University of Osijek, Medical School, Osijek, 31000, Croatia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Osijek, Medical School, Osijek, 31000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af48">St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zabok, 49210, Croatia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zabok, 49210</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>49210</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af49">Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'État de Pennsylvanie</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">University Park (Pennsylvanie)</settlement><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af50">University of Split, Medical School, Split, 21000, Croatia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Split, Medical School, Split, 21000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>21000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Atramentova, Lubov" sort="Atramentova, Lubov" uniqKey="Atramentova L" first="Lubov" last="Atramentova">Lubov Atramentova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af51">V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ukraine</country><wicri:regionArea>V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, 61022</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>61022</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Utevska, Olga" sort="Utevska, Olga" uniqKey="Utevska O" first="Olga" last="Utevska">Olga Utevska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af51">V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ukraine</country><wicri:regionArea>V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, 61022</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>61022</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yepiskoposyan, Levon" sort="Yepiskoposyan, Levon" uniqKey="Yepiskoposyan L" first="Levon" last="Yepiskoposyan">Levon Yepiskoposyan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af10">Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arménie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>0014</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marjanovic, Damir" sort="Marjanovic, Damir" uniqKey="Marjanovic D" first="Damir" last="Marjanovic">Damir Marjanovic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af30">Genos, DNA Laboratory, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Genos, DNA Laboratory, Zagreb, 10000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>10000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af52">Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, International Burch University, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bosnie-Herzégovine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, International Burch University, Sarajevo, 71000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>71000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kushniarevich, Alena" sort="Kushniarevich, Alena" uniqKey="Kushniarevich A" first="Alena" last="Kushniarevich">Alena Kushniarevich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af53">Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, 220072, Belarus;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Biélorussie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, 220072</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>220072</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Behar, Doron M" sort="Behar, Doron M" uniqKey="Behar D" first="Doron M." last="Behar">Doron M. Behar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilissen, Christian" sort="Gilissen, Christian" uniqKey="Gilissen C" first="Christian" last="Gilissen">Christian Gilissen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af54">Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA, The Netherlands;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>106525 GA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vissers, Lisenka" sort="Vissers, Lisenka" uniqKey="Vissers L" first="Lisenka" last="Vissers">Lisenka Vissers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af54">Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA, The Netherlands;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>106525 GA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veltman, Joris A" sort="Veltman, Joris A" uniqKey="Veltman J" first="Joris A." last="Veltman">Joris A. Veltman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af54">Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA, The Netherlands;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>106525 GA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balanovska, Elena" sort="Balanovska, Elena" uniqKey="Balanovska E" first="Elena" last="Balanovska">Elena Balanovska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af55">Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 115478</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>115478</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Derenko, Miroslava" sort="Derenko, Miroslava" uniqKey="Derenko M" first="Miroslava" last="Derenko">Miroslava Derenko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af56">Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, 685000, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, 685000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>685000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malyarchuk, Boris" sort="Malyarchuk, Boris" uniqKey="Malyarchuk B" first="Boris" last="Malyarchuk">Boris Malyarchuk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af56">Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, 685000, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, 685000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>685000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af8">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fedorova, Sardana" sort="Fedorova, Sardana" uniqKey="Fedorova S" first="Sardana" last="Fedorova">Sardana Fedorova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af39">Department of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Scientific Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, 677010, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Scientific Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, 677010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>677010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af40">Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>677000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Anders" sort="Eriksson, Anders" uniqKey="Eriksson A" first="Anders" last="Eriksson">Anders Eriksson</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af57">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af58">Integrative Systems Biology Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Integrative Systems Biology Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>23955-6900</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manica, Andrea" sort="Manica, Andrea" uniqKey="Manica A" first="Andrea" last="Manica">Andrea Manica</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af57">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendez, Fernando L" sort="Mendez, Fernando L" uniqKey="Mendez F" first="Fernando L." last="Mendez">Fernando L. Mendez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af59">Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5120, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5120</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>California 94305-5120</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karafet, Tatiana M" sort="Karafet, Tatiana M" uniqKey="Karafet T" first="Tatiana M." last="Karafet">Tatiana M. Karafet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af60">ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Arizona 85721</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veeramah, Krishna R" sort="Veeramah, Krishna R" uniqKey="Veeramah K" first="Krishna R." last="Veeramah">Krishna R. Veeramah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af61">Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5245, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5245</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New York 11794-5245</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bradman, Neil" sort="Bradman, Neil" uniqKey="Bradman N" first="Neil" last="Bradman">Neil Bradman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af62">The Henry Stewart Group, London, WC1A 2HN, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Henry Stewart Group, London, WC1A 2HN</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>WC1A 2HN</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hammer, Michael F" sort="Hammer, Michael F" uniqKey="Hammer M" first="Michael F." last="Hammer">Michael F. Hammer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af60">ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Arizona 85721</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osipova, Ludmila P" sort="Osipova, Ludmila P" uniqKey="Osipova L" first="Ludmila P." last="Osipova">Ludmila P. Osipova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af34">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balanovsky, Oleg" sort="Balanovsky, Oleg" uniqKey="Balanovsky O" first="Oleg" last="Balanovsky">Oleg Balanovsky</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af55">Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 115478</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>115478</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af63">Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>119991</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khusnutdinova, Elza K" sort="Khusnutdinova, Elza K" uniqKey="Khusnutdinova E" first="Elza K." last="Khusnutdinova">Elza K. Khusnutdinova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af18">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450074</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnsen, Knut" sort="Johnsen, Knut" uniqKey="Johnsen K" first="Knut" last="Johnsen">Knut Johnsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af64">University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsøe, N-9038, Norway;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsøe, N-9038</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>N-9038</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Remm, Maido" sort="Remm, Maido" uniqKey="Remm M" first="Maido" last="Remm">Maido Remm</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7">Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Mark G" sort="Thomas, Mark G" uniqKey="Thomas M" first="Mark G." last="Thomas">Mark G. Thomas</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af65">Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tyler Smith, Chris" sort="Tyler Smith, Chris" uniqKey="Tyler Smith C" first="Chris" last="Tyler-Smith">Chris Tyler-Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af15">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CB10 1SA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Underhill, Peter A" sort="Underhill, Peter A" uniqKey="Underhill P" first="Peter A." last="Underhill">Peter A. Underhill</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af59">Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5120, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5120</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>California 94305-5120</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willerslev, Eske" sort="Willerslev, Eske" uniqKey="Willerslev E" first="Eske" last="Willerslev">Eske Willerslev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af17">Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350, Denmark;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-1350</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, Rasmus" sort="Nielsen, Rasmus" uniqKey="Nielsen R" first="Rasmus" last="Nielsen">Rasmus Nielsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>California 94720</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Mait" sort="Metspalu, Mait" uniqKey="Metspalu M" first="Mait" last="Metspalu">Mait Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villems, Richard" sort="Villems, Richard" uniqKey="Villems R" first="Richard" last="Villems">Richard Villems</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af66">Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, 10130</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>10130</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivisild, Toomas" sort="Kivisild, Toomas" uniqKey="Kivisild T" first="Toomas" last="Kivisild">Toomas Kivisild</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25770088</idno><idno type="pmc">4381518</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4381518</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4381518</idno><idno type="doi">10.1101/gr.186684.114</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001846</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001846</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001706</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001706</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001211</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001211</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">002E43</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">002E43</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">002D67</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">002D67</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">002D67</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">002D67</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002346</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002346</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002346</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">1088-9051:2015:Karmin M:a:recent:bottleneck</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">003227</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">003226</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">003226</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture</title><author><name sortKey="Karmin, Monika" sort="Karmin, Monika" uniqKey="Karmin M" first="Monika" last="Karmin">Monika Karmin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saag, Lauri" sort="Saag, Lauri" uniqKey="Saag L" first="Lauri" last="Saag">Lauri Saag</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3">Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Botany, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vicente, Mario" sort="Vicente, Mario" uniqKey="Vicente M" first="Mário" last="Vicente">Mário Vicente</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sayres, Melissa A Wilson" sort="Sayres, Melissa A Wilson" uniqKey="Sayres M" first="Melissa A. Wilson" last="Sayres">Melissa A. Wilson Sayres</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>California 94720</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af6">School of Life Sciences and The Biodesign Institute, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5001, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Life Sciences and The Biodesign Institute, Tempe, Arizona 85287-5001</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Arizona 85287-5001</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="J Rve, Mari" sort="J Rve, Mari" uniqKey="J Rve M" first="Mari" last="J Rve">Mari J Rve</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Talas, Ulvi Gerst" sort="Talas, Ulvi Gerst" uniqKey="Talas U" first="Ulvi Gerst" last="Talas">Ulvi Gerst Talas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7">Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rootsi, Siiri" sort="Rootsi, Siiri" uniqKey="Rootsi S" first="Siiri" last="Rootsi">Siiri Rootsi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ilum E, Anne Mai" sort="Ilum E, Anne Mai" uniqKey="Ilum E A" first="Anne-Mai" last="Ilum E">Anne-Mai Ilum E</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af8">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mitt, Mario" sort="Mitt, Mario" uniqKey="Mitt M" first="Mario" last="Mitt">Mario Mitt</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af8">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af9">Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pagani, Luca" sort="Pagani, Luca" uniqKey="Pagani L" first="Luca" last="Pagani">Luca Pagani</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Puurand, Tarmo" sort="Puurand, Tarmo" uniqKey="Puurand T" first="Tarmo" last="Puurand">Tarmo Puurand</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7">Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Faltyskova, Zuzana" sort="Faltyskova, Zuzana" uniqKey="Faltyskova Z" first="Zuzana" last="Faltyskova">Zuzana Faltyskova</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Clemente, Florian" sort="Clemente, Florian" uniqKey="Clemente F" first="Florian" last="Clemente">Florian Clemente</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cardona, Alexia" sort="Cardona, Alexia" uniqKey="Cardona A" first="Alexia" last="Cardona">Alexia Cardona</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Ene" sort="Metspalu, Ene" uniqKey="Metspalu E" first="Ene" last="Metspalu">Ene Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" sort="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" uniqKey="Sahakyan H" first="Hovhannes" last="Sahakyan">Hovhannes Sahakyan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af10">Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arménie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>0014</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yunusbayev, Bayazit" sort="Yunusbayev, Bayazit" uniqKey="Yunusbayev B" first="Bayazit" last="Yunusbayev">Bayazit Yunusbayev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hudjashov, Georgi" sort="Hudjashov, Georgi" uniqKey="Hudjashov G" first="Georgi" last="Hudjashov">Georgi Hudjashov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af12">Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>1142</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Degiorgio, Michael" sort="Degiorgio, Michael" uniqKey="Degiorgio M" first="Michael" last="Degiorgio">Michael Degiorgio</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af13">Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'État de Pennsylvanie</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">University Park (Pennsylvanie)</settlement><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Loogv Li, Eva Liis" sort="Loogv Li, Eva Liis" uniqKey="Loogv Li E" first="Eva-Liis" last="Loogv Li">Eva-Liis Loogv Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eichstaedt, Christina" sort="Eichstaedt, Christina" uniqKey="Eichstaedt C" first="Christina" last="Eichstaedt">Christina Eichstaedt</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eelmets, Mikk" sort="Eelmets, Mikk" uniqKey="Eelmets M" first="Mikk" last="Eelmets">Mikk Eelmets</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7">Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chaubey, Gyaneshwer" sort="Chaubey, Gyaneshwer" uniqKey="Chaubey G" first="Gyaneshwer" last="Chaubey">Gyaneshwer Chaubey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tambets, Kristiina" sort="Tambets, Kristiina" uniqKey="Tambets K" first="Kristiina" last="Tambets">Kristiina Tambets</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Litvinov, Sergei" sort="Litvinov, Sergei" uniqKey="Litvinov S" first="Sergei" last="Litvinov">Sergei Litvinov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mormina, Maru" sort="Mormina, Maru" uniqKey="Mormina M" first="Maru" last="Mormina">Maru Mormina</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af14">Department of Applied Social Sciences, University of Winchester, Winchester, SO22 4NR, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Applied Social Sciences, University of Winchester, Winchester, SO22 4NR</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>SO22 4NR</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xue, Yali" sort="Xue, Yali" uniqKey="Xue Y" first="Yali" last="Xue">Yali Xue</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af15">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CB10 1SA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayub, Qasim" sort="Ayub, Qasim" uniqKey="Ayub Q" first="Qasim" last="Ayub">Qasim Ayub</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af15">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CB10 1SA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zoraqi, Grigor" sort="Zoraqi, Grigor" uniqKey="Zoraqi G" first="Grigor" last="Zoraqi">Grigor Zoraqi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af16">Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Genetic Research, University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tirana, ALB1005, Albania;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Albanie</country><wicri:regionArea>Center of Molecular Diagnosis and Genetic Research, University Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tirana, ALB1005</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>ALB1005</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand" sort="Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand" uniqKey="Korneliussen T" first="Thorfinn Sand" last="Korneliussen">Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>California 94720</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af17">Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350, Denmark;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-1350</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akhatova, Farida" sort="Akhatova, Farida" uniqKey="Akhatova F" first="Farida" last="Akhatova">Farida Akhatova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af18">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450074</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af19">Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, 420008</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>420008</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lachance, Joseph" sort="Lachance, Joseph" uniqKey="Lachance J" first="Joseph" last="Lachance">Joseph Lachance</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af20">Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pennsylvania 19104-6145</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="af21">School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, Georgia, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, 30332, Georgia</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Géorgie (États-Unis)</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tishkoff, Sarah" sort="Tishkoff, Sarah" uniqKey="Tishkoff S" first="Sarah" last="Tishkoff">Sarah Tishkoff</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af20">Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6145</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pennsylvania 19104-6145</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af22">Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6313, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6313</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Pennsylvania 19104-6313</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Momynaliev, Kuvat" sort="Momynaliev, Kuvat" uniqKey="Momynaliev K" first="Kuvat" last="Momynaliev">Kuvat Momynaliev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af23">DNcode Laboratories, Moscow, 119992, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>DNcode Laboratories, Moscow, 119992</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>119992</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ricaut, Francois Xavier" sort="Ricaut, Francois Xavier" uniqKey="Ricaut F" first="François-Xavier" last="Ricaut">François-Xavier Ricaut</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af24">Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073, France;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31073</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>31073</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kusuma, Pradiptajati" sort="Kusuma, Pradiptajati" uniqKey="Kusuma P" first="Pradiptajati" last="Kusuma">Pradiptajati Kusuma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af24">Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073, France;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31073</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>31073</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af25">Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Indonésie</country><wicri:regionArea>Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, 10430</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>10430</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Razafindrazaka, Harilanto" sort="Razafindrazaka, Harilanto" uniqKey="Razafindrazaka H" first="Harilanto" last="Razafindrazaka">Harilanto Razafindrazaka</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af24">Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073, France;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31073</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>31073</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pierron, Denis" sort="Pierron, Denis" uniqKey="Pierron D" first="Denis" last="Pierron">Denis Pierron</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af24">Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073, France;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea>Evolutionary Medicine Group, Laboratoire d'Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Toulouse 3, Toulouse, 31073</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31073</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>31073</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cox, Murray P" sort="Cox, Murray P" uniqKey="Cox M" first="Murray P." last="Cox">Murray P. Cox</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af26">Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nouvelle-Zélande</country><wicri:regionArea>Statistics and Bioinformatics Group, Institute of Fundamental Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North, 4442</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>4442</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar" sort="Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar" uniqKey="Sultana G" first="Gazi Nurun Nahar" last="Sultana">Gazi Nurun Nahar Sultana</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af27">Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), DNA Sequencing Research Laboratory, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bangladesh</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Advanced Research in Sciences (CARS), DNA Sequencing Research Laboratory, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Dhaka-1000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Dhaka-1000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willerslev, Rane" sort="Willerslev, Rane" uniqKey="Willerslev R" first="Rane" last="Willerslev">Rane Willerslev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af28">Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000, Denmark;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, DK-8000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-8000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Craig" sort="Muller, Craig" uniqKey="Muller C" first="Craig" last="Muller">Craig Muller</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af17">Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350, Denmark;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-1350</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Westaway, Michael" sort="Westaway, Michael" uniqKey="Westaway M" first="Michael" last="Westaway">Michael Westaway</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af29">Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>4111</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lambert, David" sort="Lambert, David" uniqKey="Lambert D" first="David" last="Lambert">David Lambert</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af29">Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>4111</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Skaro, Vedrana" sort="Skaro, Vedrana" uniqKey="Skaro V" first="Vedrana" last="Skaro">Vedrana Skaro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af30">Genos, DNA Laboratory, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Genos, DNA Laboratory, Zagreb, 10000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>10000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af31">University of Osijek, Medical School, Osijek, 31000, Croatia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Osijek, Medical School, Osijek, 31000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kova Evic, Lejla" sort="Kova Evic, Lejla" uniqKey="Kova Evic L" first="Lejla" last="Kova Evic">Lejla Kova Evic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af32">Centogene AG, Rostock, 18057, Germany;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Centogene AG, Rostock, 18057</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>18057</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>18057</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>18057</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Turdikulova, Shahlo" sort="Turdikulova, Shahlo" uniqKey="Turdikulova S" first="Shahlo" last="Turdikulova">Shahlo Turdikulova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af33">Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Science, Tashkent, 100143, Uzbekistan;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouzbékistan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Science, Tashkent, 100143</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>100143</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dalimova, Dilbar" sort="Dalimova, Dilbar" uniqKey="Dalimova D" first="Dilbar" last="Dalimova">Dilbar Dalimova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af33">Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Science, Tashkent, 100143, Uzbekistan;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ouzbékistan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Academy of Science, Tashkent, 100143</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>100143</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khusainova, Rita" sort="Khusainova, Rita" uniqKey="Khusainova R" first="Rita" last="Khusainova">Rita Khusainova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af18">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450074</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trofimova, Natalya" sort="Trofimova, Natalya" uniqKey="Trofimova N" first="Natalya" last="Trofimova">Natalya Trofimova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Akhmetova, Vita" sort="Akhmetova, Vita" uniqKey="Akhmetova V" first="Vita" last="Akhmetova">Vita Akhmetova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khidiyatova, Irina" sort="Khidiyatova, Irina" uniqKey="Khidiyatova I" first="Irina" last="Khidiyatova">Irina Khidiyatova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af18">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450074</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lichman, Daria V" sort="Lichman, Daria V" uniqKey="Lichman D" first="Daria V." last="Lichman">Daria V. Lichman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af34">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Isakova, Jainagul" sort="Isakova, Jainagul" uniqKey="Isakova J" first="Jainagul" last="Isakova">Jainagul Isakova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af35">Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Bishkek, 720040, Kyrgyzstan;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kirghizistan</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine, Bishkek, 720040</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>720040</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pocheshkhova, Elvira" sort="Pocheshkhova, Elvira" uniqKey="Pocheshkhova E" first="Elvira" last="Pocheshkhova">Elvira Pocheshkhova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af36">Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, 350063, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, 350063</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>350063</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sabitov, Zhaxylyk" sort="Sabitov, Zhaxylyk" uniqKey="Sabitov Z" first="Zhaxylyk" last="Sabitov">Zhaxylyk Sabitov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af37">L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010008, Kazakhstan;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kazakhstan</country><wicri:regionArea>L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, 010008</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>010008</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af38">Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kazakhstan</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Life Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, 010000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>010000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Barashkov, Nikolay A" sort="Barashkov, Nikolay A" uniqKey="Barashkov N" first="Nikolay A." last="Barashkov">Nikolay A. Barashkov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af39">Department of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Scientific Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, 677010, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Scientific Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, 677010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>677010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af40">Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>677000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn" sort="Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn" uniqKey="Nymadawa P" first="Pagbajabyn" last="Nymadawa">Pagbajabyn Nymadawa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af41">Mongolian Academy of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 210620, Mongolia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mongolie</country><wicri:regionArea>Mongolian Academy of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 210620</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>210620</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mihailov, Evelin" sort="Mihailov, Evelin" uniqKey="Mihailov E" first="Evelin" last="Mihailov">Evelin Mihailov</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af8">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Seng, Joseph Wee Tien" sort="Seng, Joseph Wee Tien" uniqKey="Seng J" first="Joseph Wee Tien" last="Seng">Joseph Wee Tien Seng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af42">National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610, Singapore;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country><wicri:regionArea>National Cancer Centre Singapore, 169610</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>169610</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Evseeva, Irina" sort="Evseeva, Irina" uniqKey="Evseeva I" first="Irina" last="Evseeva">Irina Evseeva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af43">Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, 163000, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Northern State Medical University, Arkhangelsk, 163000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>163000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af44">Anthony Nolan, London, NW3 2NU, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Anthony Nolan, London, NW3 2NU</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>NW3 2NU</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Migliano, Andrea Bamberg" sort="Migliano, Andrea Bamberg" uniqKey="Migliano A" first="Andrea Bamberg" last="Migliano">Andrea Bamberg Migliano</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af45">Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abdullah, Syafiq" sort="Abdullah, Syafiq" uniqKey="Abdullah S" first="Syafiq" last="Abdullah">Syafiq Abdullah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af46">RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1518, Brunei;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brunei</country><wicri:regionArea>RIPAS Hospital, Bandar Seri Begawan, BE1518</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>BE1518</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Andriadze, George" sort="Andriadze, George" uniqKey="Andriadze G" first="George" last="Andriadze">George Andriadze</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af47">Scientific-Research Center of the Caucasian Ethnic Groups, St. Andrews Georgian University, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Géorgie (pays)</country><wicri:regionArea>Scientific-Research Center of the Caucasian Ethnic Groups, St. Andrews Georgian University, Tbilisi, 0162</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>0162</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Primorac, Dragan" sort="Primorac, Dragan" uniqKey="Primorac D" first="Dragan" last="Primorac">Dragan Primorac</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af31">University of Osijek, Medical School, Osijek, 31000, Croatia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Osijek, Medical School, Osijek, 31000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>31000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af48">St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zabok, 49210, Croatia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>St. Catherine Specialty Hospital, Zabok, 49210</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>49210</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af49">Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Eberly College of Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université d'État de Pennsylvanie</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">University Park (Pennsylvanie)</settlement><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af50">University of Split, Medical School, Split, 21000, Croatia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>University of Split, Medical School, Split, 21000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>21000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Atramentova, Lubov" sort="Atramentova, Lubov" uniqKey="Atramentova L" first="Lubov" last="Atramentova">Lubov Atramentova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af51">V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ukraine</country><wicri:regionArea>V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, 61022</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>61022</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Utevska, Olga" sort="Utevska, Olga" uniqKey="Utevska O" first="Olga" last="Utevska">Olga Utevska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af51">V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, 61022, Ukraine;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ukraine</country><wicri:regionArea>V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, 61022</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>61022</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yepiskoposyan, Levon" sort="Yepiskoposyan, Levon" uniqKey="Yepiskoposyan L" first="Levon" last="Yepiskoposyan">Levon Yepiskoposyan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af10">Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014, Armenia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arménie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Ethnogenomics, Institute of Molecular Biology, National Academy of Sciences, Yerevan, 0014</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>0014</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marjanovic, Damir" sort="Marjanovic, Damir" uniqKey="Marjanovic D" first="Damir" last="Marjanovic">Damir Marjanovic</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af30">Genos, DNA Laboratory, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Croatie</country><wicri:regionArea>Genos, DNA Laboratory, Zagreb, 10000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>10000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af52">Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, International Burch University, Sarajevo, 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Bosnie-Herzégovine</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, International Burch University, Sarajevo, 71000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>71000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kushniarevich, Alena" sort="Kushniarevich, Alena" uniqKey="Kushniarevich A" first="Alena" last="Kushniarevich">Alena Kushniarevich</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af53">Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, 220072, Belarus;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Biélorussie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Genetics and Cytology, National Academy of Sciences, Minsk, 220072</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>220072</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Behar, Doron M" sort="Behar, Doron M" uniqKey="Behar D" first="Doron M." last="Behar">Doron M. Behar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gilissen, Christian" sort="Gilissen, Christian" uniqKey="Gilissen C" first="Christian" last="Gilissen">Christian Gilissen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af54">Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA, The Netherlands;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>106525 GA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vissers, Lisenka" sort="Vissers, Lisenka" uniqKey="Vissers L" first="Lisenka" last="Vissers">Lisenka Vissers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af54">Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA, The Netherlands;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>106525 GA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veltman, Joris A" sort="Veltman, Joris A" uniqKey="Veltman J" first="Joris A." last="Veltman">Joris A. Veltman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af54">Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA, The Netherlands;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, 106525 GA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>106525 GA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balanovska, Elena" sort="Balanovska, Elena" uniqKey="Balanovska E" first="Elena" last="Balanovska">Elena Balanovska</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af55">Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 115478</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>115478</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Derenko, Miroslava" sort="Derenko, Miroslava" uniqKey="Derenko M" first="Miroslava" last="Derenko">Miroslava Derenko</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af56">Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, 685000, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, 685000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>685000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Malyarchuk, Boris" sort="Malyarchuk, Boris" uniqKey="Malyarchuk B" first="Boris" last="Malyarchuk">Boris Malyarchuk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af56">Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, 685000, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Genetics Laboratory, Institute of Biological Problems of the North, Russian Academy of Sciences, Magadan, 685000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>685000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af8">Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fedorova, Sardana" sort="Fedorova, Sardana" uniqKey="Fedorova S" first="Sardana" last="Fedorova">Sardana Fedorova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af39">Department of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Scientific Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, 677010, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Molecular Genetics, Yakut Scientific Centre of Complex Medical Problems, Yakutsk, 677010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>677010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af40">Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Natural Sciences, M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk, 677000</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>677000</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eriksson, Anders" sort="Eriksson, Anders" uniqKey="Eriksson A" first="Anders" last="Eriksson">Anders Eriksson</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af57">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af58">Integrative Systems Biology Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Integrative Systems Biology Lab, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>23955-6900</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Manica, Andrea" sort="Manica, Andrea" uniqKey="Manica A" first="Andrea" last="Manica">Andrea Manica</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af57">Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mendez, Fernando L" sort="Mendez, Fernando L" uniqKey="Mendez F" first="Fernando L." last="Mendez">Fernando L. Mendez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af59">Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5120, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5120</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>California 94305-5120</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Karafet, Tatiana M" sort="Karafet, Tatiana M" uniqKey="Karafet T" first="Tatiana M." last="Karafet">Tatiana M. Karafet</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af60">ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Arizona 85721</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Veeramah, Krishna R" sort="Veeramah, Krishna R" uniqKey="Veeramah K" first="Krishna R." last="Veeramah">Krishna R. Veeramah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af61">Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5245, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794-5245</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>New York 11794-5245</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bradman, Neil" sort="Bradman, Neil" uniqKey="Bradman N" first="Neil" last="Bradman">Neil Bradman</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af62">The Henry Stewart Group, London, WC1A 2HN, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Henry Stewart Group, London, WC1A 2HN</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>WC1A 2HN</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hammer, Michael F" sort="Hammer, Michael F" uniqKey="Hammer M" first="Michael F." last="Hammer">Michael F. Hammer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af60">ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>ARL Division of Biotechnology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Arizona 85721</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Osipova, Ludmila P" sort="Osipova, Ludmila P" uniqKey="Osipova L" first="Ludmila P." last="Osipova">Ludmila P. Osipova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af34">Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Novosibirsk, 630090</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>630090</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Balanovsky, Oleg" sort="Balanovsky, Oleg" uniqKey="Balanovsky O" first="Oleg" last="Balanovsky">Oleg Balanovsky</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af55">Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 115478, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 115478</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>115478</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af63">Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Vavilov Institute for General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119991</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>119991</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khusnutdinova, Elza K" sort="Khusnutdinova, Elza K" uniqKey="Khusnutdinova E" first="Elza K." last="Khusnutdinova">Elza K. Khusnutdinova</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af11">Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450054</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450054</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af18">Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074, Russia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Russie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, Ufa, 450074</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>450074</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Johnsen, Knut" sort="Johnsen, Knut" uniqKey="Johnsen K" first="Knut" last="Johnsen">Knut Johnsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af64">University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsøe, N-9038, Norway;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsøe, N-9038</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>N-9038</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Remm, Maido" sort="Remm, Maido" uniqKey="Remm M" first="Maido" last="Remm">Maido Remm</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af7">Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Mark G" sort="Thomas, Mark G" uniqKey="Thomas M" first="Mark G." last="Thomas">Mark G. Thomas</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af65">Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Research Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">University College de Londres</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tyler Smith, Chris" sort="Tyler Smith, Chris" uniqKey="Tyler Smith C" first="Chris" last="Tyler-Smith">Chris Tyler-Smith</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af15">The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, CB10 1SA</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CB10 1SA</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Underhill, Peter A" sort="Underhill, Peter A" uniqKey="Underhill P" first="Peter A." last="Underhill">Peter A. Underhill</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af59">Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5120, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5120</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>California 94305-5120</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willerslev, Eske" sort="Willerslev, Eske" uniqKey="Willerslev E" first="Eske" last="Willerslev">Eske Willerslev</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af17">Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350, Denmark;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Danemark</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for GeoGenetics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, DK-1350</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>DK-1350</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, Rasmus" sort="Nielsen, Rasmus" uniqKey="Nielsen R" first="Rasmus" last="Nielsen">Rasmus Nielsen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5">Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Integrative Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>California 94720</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Metspalu, Mait" sort="Metspalu, Mait" uniqKey="Metspalu M" first="Mait" last="Metspalu">Mait Metspalu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Villems, Richard" sort="Villems, Richard" uniqKey="Villems R" first="Richard" last="Villems">Richard Villems</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2">Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af66">Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, 10130, Estonia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, 10130</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>10130</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kivisild, Toomas" sort="Kivisild, Toomas" uniqKey="Kivisild T" first="Toomas" last="Kivisild">Toomas Kivisild</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1">Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010, Estonia;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Estonie</country><wicri:regionArea>Estonian Biocentre, Tartu, 51010</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>51010</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af4">Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH, United Kingdom;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QH</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Cambridge</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Cambridge</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Angleterre de l'Est</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Genome Research</title><idno type="ISSN">1088-9051</idno><idno type="eISSN">1549-5469</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Base Sequence</term><term>Chromosomes, Human, Y (genetics)</term><term>Continental Population Groups (genetics)</term><term>DNA, Mitochondrial (genetics)</term><term>Evolution, Molecular</term><term>Genetic Variation (genetics)</term><term>Genetics, Population</term><term>Haplotypes (genetics)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Models, Genetic</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN mitochondrial (génétique)</term><term>Analyse de séquence d'ADN</term><term>Chromosomes Y humains (génétique)</term><term>Génétique des populations</term><term>Haplotypes (génétique)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Modèles génétiques</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Phylogénie</term><term>Populations d'origine continentale (génétique)</term><term>Séquence nucléotidique</term><term>Variation génétique (génétique)</term><term>Évolution moléculaire</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>DNA, Mitochondrial</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Chromosomes, Human, Y</term><term>Continental Population Groups</term><term>Genetic Variation</term><term>Haplotypes</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>ADN mitochondrial</term><term>Chromosomes Y humains</term><term>Haplotypes</term><term>Populations d'origine continentale</term><term>Variation génétique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Base Sequence</term><term>Evolution, Molecular</term><term>Genetics, Population</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Models, Genetic</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse de séquence d'ADN</term><term>Génétique des populations</term><term>Humains</term><term>Modèles génétiques</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Phylogénie</term><term>Séquence nucléotidique</term><term>Évolution moléculaire</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>It is commonly thought that human genetic diversity in non-African populations was shaped primarily by an out-of-Africa dispersal 50–100 thousand yr ago (kya). Here, we present a study of 456 geographically diverse high-coverage Y chromosome sequences, including 299 newly reported samples. Applying ancient DNA calibration, we date the Y-chromosomal most recent common ancestor (MRCA) in Africa at 254 (95% CI 192–307) kya and detect a cluster of major non-African founder haplogroups in a narrow time interval at 47–52 kya, consistent with a rapid initial colonization model of Eurasia and Oceania after the out-of-Africa bottleneck. In contrast to demographic reconstructions based on mtDNA, we infer a second strong bottleneck in Y-chromosome lineages dating to the last 10 ky. We hypothesize that this bottleneck is caused by cultural changes affecting variance of reproductive success among males.</p></div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Albanie</li><li>Allemagne</li><li>Arabie saoudite</li><li>Arménie</li><li>Australie</li><li>Bangladesh</li><li>Biélorussie</li><li>Bosnie-Herzégovine</li><li>Brunei</li><li>Croatie</li><li>Danemark</li><li>Estonie</li><li>France</li><li>Géorgie (pays)</li><li>Indonésie</li><li>Kazakhstan</li><li>Kirghizistan</li><li>Mongolie</li><li>Norvège</li><li>Nouvelle-Zélande</li><li>Ouzbékistan</li><li>Pays-Bas</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Russie</li><li>Singapour</li><li>Ukraine</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Angleterre de l'Est</li><li>Grand Londres</li><li>Géorgie (États-Unis)</li><li>Pennsylvanie</li></region><settlement><li>Cambridge</li><li>Londres</li><li>University Park (Pennsylvanie)</li></settlement><orgName><li>University College de Londres</li><li>Université d'État de Pennsylvanie</li><li>Université de Cambridge</li></orgName></list><tree><country name="Estonie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Karmin, Monika" sort="Karmin, Monika" uniqKey="Karmin M" first="Monika" last="Karmin">Monika Karmin</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Behar, Doron M" sort="Behar, Doron M" uniqKey="Behar D" first="Doron M." last="Behar">Doron M. Behar</name><name sortKey="Chaubey, Gyaneshwer" sort="Chaubey, Gyaneshwer" uniqKey="Chaubey G" first="Gyaneshwer" last="Chaubey">Gyaneshwer Chaubey</name><name sortKey="Eelmets, Mikk" sort="Eelmets, Mikk" uniqKey="Eelmets M" first="Mikk" last="Eelmets">Mikk Eelmets</name><name sortKey="Eelmets, Mikk" sort="Eelmets, Mikk" uniqKey="Eelmets M" first="Mikk" last="Eelmets">Mikk Eelmets</name><name sortKey="Hudjashov, Georgi" sort="Hudjashov, Georgi" uniqKey="Hudjashov G" first="Georgi" last="Hudjashov">Georgi Hudjashov</name><name sortKey="Ilum E, Anne Mai" sort="Ilum E, Anne Mai" uniqKey="Ilum E A" first="Anne-Mai" last="Ilum E">Anne-Mai Ilum E</name><name sortKey="Ilum E, Anne Mai" sort="Ilum E, Anne Mai" uniqKey="Ilum E A" first="Anne-Mai" last="Ilum E">Anne-Mai Ilum E</name><name sortKey="J Rve, Mari" sort="J Rve, Mari" uniqKey="J Rve M" first="Mari" last="J Rve">Mari J Rve</name><name sortKey="Karmin, Monika" sort="Karmin, Monika" uniqKey="Karmin M" first="Monika" last="Karmin">Monika Karmin</name><name sortKey="Kivisild, Toomas" sort="Kivisild, Toomas" uniqKey="Kivisild T" first="Toomas" last="Kivisild">Toomas Kivisild</name><name sortKey="Kushniarevich, Alena" sort="Kushniarevich, Alena" uniqKey="Kushniarevich A" first="Alena" last="Kushniarevich">Alena Kushniarevich</name><name sortKey="Litvinov, Sergei" sort="Litvinov, Sergei" uniqKey="Litvinov S" first="Sergei" last="Litvinov">Sergei Litvinov</name><name sortKey="Loogv Li, Eva Liis" sort="Loogv Li, Eva Liis" uniqKey="Loogv Li E" first="Eva-Liis" last="Loogv Li">Eva-Liis Loogv Li</name><name sortKey="M Gi, Reedik" sort="M Gi, Reedik" uniqKey="M Gi R" first="Reedik" last="M Gi">Reedik M Gi</name><name sortKey="Metspalu, Andres" sort="Metspalu, Andres" uniqKey="Metspalu A" first="Andres" last="Metspalu">Andres Metspalu</name><name sortKey="Metspalu, Ene" sort="Metspalu, Ene" uniqKey="Metspalu E" first="Ene" last="Metspalu">Ene Metspalu</name><name sortKey="Metspalu, Ene" sort="Metspalu, Ene" uniqKey="Metspalu E" first="Ene" last="Metspalu">Ene Metspalu</name><name sortKey="Metspalu, Mait" sort="Metspalu, Mait" uniqKey="Metspalu M" first="Mait" last="Metspalu">Mait Metspalu</name><name sortKey="Metspalu, Mait" sort="Metspalu, Mait" uniqKey="Metspalu M" first="Mait" last="Metspalu">Mait Metspalu</name><name sortKey="Mihailov, Evelin" sort="Mihailov, Evelin" uniqKey="Mihailov E" first="Evelin" last="Mihailov">Evelin Mihailov</name><name sortKey="Mitt, Mario" sort="Mitt, Mario" uniqKey="Mitt M" first="Mario" last="Mitt">Mario Mitt</name><name sortKey="Mitt, Mario" sort="Mitt, Mario" uniqKey="Mitt M" first="Mario" last="Mitt">Mario Mitt</name><name sortKey="Puurand, Tarmo" sort="Puurand, Tarmo" uniqKey="Puurand T" first="Tarmo" last="Puurand">Tarmo Puurand</name><name sortKey="Remm, Maido" sort="Remm, Maido" uniqKey="Remm M" first="Maido" last="Remm">Maido Remm</name><name sortKey="Rootsi, Siiri" sort="Rootsi, Siiri" uniqKey="Rootsi S" first="Siiri" last="Rootsi">Siiri Rootsi</name><name sortKey="Saag, Lauri" sort="Saag, Lauri" uniqKey="Saag L" first="Lauri" last="Saag">Lauri Saag</name><name sortKey="Saag, Lauri" sort="Saag, Lauri" uniqKey="Saag L" first="Lauri" last="Saag">Lauri Saag</name><name sortKey="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" sort="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" uniqKey="Sahakyan H" first="Hovhannes" last="Sahakyan">Hovhannes Sahakyan</name><name sortKey="Talas, Ulvi Gerst" sort="Talas, Ulvi Gerst" uniqKey="Talas U" first="Ulvi Gerst" last="Talas">Ulvi Gerst Talas</name><name sortKey="Tambets, Kristiina" sort="Tambets, Kristiina" uniqKey="Tambets K" first="Kristiina" last="Tambets">Kristiina Tambets</name><name sortKey="Trofimova, Natalya" sort="Trofimova, Natalya" uniqKey="Trofimova N" first="Natalya" last="Trofimova">Natalya Trofimova</name><name sortKey="Villems, Richard" sort="Villems, Richard" uniqKey="Villems R" first="Richard" last="Villems">Richard Villems</name><name sortKey="Villems, Richard" sort="Villems, Richard" uniqKey="Villems R" first="Richard" last="Villems">Richard Villems</name><name sortKey="Villems, Richard" sort="Villems, Richard" uniqKey="Villems R" first="Richard" last="Villems">Richard Villems</name><name sortKey="Yunusbayev, Bayazit" sort="Yunusbayev, Bayazit" uniqKey="Yunusbayev B" first="Bayazit" last="Yunusbayev">Bayazit Yunusbayev</name></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><region name="Angleterre"><name sortKey="Vicente, Mario" sort="Vicente, Mario" uniqKey="Vicente M" first="Mário" last="Vicente">Mário Vicente</name></region><name sortKey="Ayub, Qasim" sort="Ayub, Qasim" uniqKey="Ayub Q" first="Qasim" last="Ayub">Qasim Ayub</name><name sortKey="Bradman, Neil" sort="Bradman, Neil" uniqKey="Bradman N" first="Neil" last="Bradman">Neil Bradman</name><name sortKey="Cardona, Alexia" sort="Cardona, Alexia" uniqKey="Cardona A" first="Alexia" last="Cardona">Alexia Cardona</name><name sortKey="Clemente, Florian" sort="Clemente, Florian" uniqKey="Clemente F" first="Florian" last="Clemente">Florian Clemente</name><name sortKey="Eichstaedt, Christina" sort="Eichstaedt, Christina" uniqKey="Eichstaedt C" first="Christina" last="Eichstaedt">Christina Eichstaedt</name><name sortKey="Eriksson, Anders" sort="Eriksson, Anders" uniqKey="Eriksson A" first="Anders" last="Eriksson">Anders Eriksson</name><name sortKey="Evseeva, Irina" sort="Evseeva, Irina" uniqKey="Evseeva I" first="Irina" last="Evseeva">Irina Evseeva</name><name sortKey="Faltyskova, Zuzana" sort="Faltyskova, Zuzana" uniqKey="Faltyskova Z" first="Zuzana" last="Faltyskova">Zuzana Faltyskova</name><name sortKey="Kivisild, Toomas" sort="Kivisild, Toomas" uniqKey="Kivisild T" first="Toomas" last="Kivisild">Toomas Kivisild</name><name sortKey="Manica, Andrea" sort="Manica, Andrea" uniqKey="Manica A" first="Andrea" last="Manica">Andrea Manica</name><name sortKey="Migliano, Andrea Bamberg" sort="Migliano, Andrea Bamberg" uniqKey="Migliano A" first="Andrea Bamberg" last="Migliano">Andrea Bamberg Migliano</name><name sortKey="Mormina, Maru" sort="Mormina, Maru" uniqKey="Mormina M" first="Maru" last="Mormina">Maru Mormina</name><name sortKey="Pagani, Luca" sort="Pagani, Luca" uniqKey="Pagani L" first="Luca" last="Pagani">Luca Pagani</name><name sortKey="Thomas, Mark G" sort="Thomas, Mark G" uniqKey="Thomas M" first="Mark G." last="Thomas">Mark G. Thomas</name><name sortKey="Tyler Smith, Chris" sort="Tyler Smith, Chris" uniqKey="Tyler Smith C" first="Chris" last="Tyler-Smith">Chris Tyler-Smith</name><name sortKey="Xue, Yali" sort="Xue, Yali" uniqKey="Xue Y" first="Yali" last="Xue">Yali Xue</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sayres, Melissa A Wilson" sort="Sayres, Melissa A Wilson" uniqKey="Sayres M" first="Melissa A. Wilson" last="Sayres">Melissa A. Wilson Sayres</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Degiorgio, Michael" sort="Degiorgio, Michael" uniqKey="Degiorgio M" first="Michael" last="Degiorgio">Michael Degiorgio</name><name sortKey="Hammer, Michael F" sort="Hammer, Michael F" uniqKey="Hammer M" first="Michael F." last="Hammer">Michael F. Hammer</name><name sortKey="Karafet, Tatiana M" sort="Karafet, Tatiana M" uniqKey="Karafet T" first="Tatiana M." last="Karafet">Tatiana M. Karafet</name><name sortKey="Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand" sort="Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand" uniqKey="Korneliussen T" first="Thorfinn Sand" last="Korneliussen">Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen</name><name sortKey="Lachance, Joseph" sort="Lachance, Joseph" uniqKey="Lachance J" first="Joseph" last="Lachance">Joseph Lachance</name><name sortKey="Lachance, Joseph" sort="Lachance, Joseph" uniqKey="Lachance J" first="Joseph" last="Lachance">Joseph Lachance</name><name sortKey="Mendez, Fernando L" sort="Mendez, Fernando L" uniqKey="Mendez F" first="Fernando L." last="Mendez">Fernando L. Mendez</name><name sortKey="Nielsen, Rasmus" sort="Nielsen, Rasmus" uniqKey="Nielsen R" first="Rasmus" last="Nielsen">Rasmus Nielsen</name><name sortKey="Primorac, Dragan" sort="Primorac, Dragan" uniqKey="Primorac D" first="Dragan" last="Primorac">Dragan Primorac</name><name sortKey="Sayres, Melissa A Wilson" sort="Sayres, Melissa A Wilson" uniqKey="Sayres M" first="Melissa A. Wilson" last="Sayres">Melissa A. Wilson Sayres</name><name sortKey="Tishkoff, Sarah" sort="Tishkoff, Sarah" uniqKey="Tishkoff S" first="Sarah" last="Tishkoff">Sarah Tishkoff</name><name sortKey="Tishkoff, Sarah" sort="Tishkoff, Sarah" uniqKey="Tishkoff S" first="Sarah" last="Tishkoff">Sarah Tishkoff</name><name sortKey="Underhill, Peter A" sort="Underhill, Peter A" uniqKey="Underhill P" first="Peter A." last="Underhill">Peter A. Underhill</name><name sortKey="Veeramah, Krishna R" sort="Veeramah, Krishna R" uniqKey="Veeramah K" first="Krishna R." last="Veeramah">Krishna R. Veeramah</name></country><country name="Arménie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" sort="Sahakyan, Hovhannes" uniqKey="Sahakyan H" first="Hovhannes" last="Sahakyan">Hovhannes Sahakyan</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Yepiskoposyan, Levon" sort="Yepiskoposyan, Levon" uniqKey="Yepiskoposyan L" first="Levon" last="Yepiskoposyan">Levon Yepiskoposyan</name></country><country name="Russie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Yunusbayev, Bayazit" sort="Yunusbayev, Bayazit" uniqKey="Yunusbayev B" first="Bayazit" last="Yunusbayev">Bayazit Yunusbayev</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Akhatova, Farida" sort="Akhatova, Farida" uniqKey="Akhatova F" first="Farida" last="Akhatova">Farida Akhatova</name><name sortKey="Akhatova, Farida" sort="Akhatova, Farida" uniqKey="Akhatova F" first="Farida" last="Akhatova">Farida Akhatova</name><name sortKey="Akhmetova, Vita" sort="Akhmetova, Vita" uniqKey="Akhmetova V" first="Vita" last="Akhmetova">Vita Akhmetova</name><name sortKey="Balanovska, Elena" sort="Balanovska, Elena" uniqKey="Balanovska E" first="Elena" last="Balanovska">Elena Balanovska</name><name sortKey="Balanovsky, Oleg" sort="Balanovsky, Oleg" uniqKey="Balanovsky O" first="Oleg" last="Balanovsky">Oleg Balanovsky</name><name sortKey="Balanovsky, Oleg" sort="Balanovsky, Oleg" uniqKey="Balanovsky O" first="Oleg" last="Balanovsky">Oleg Balanovsky</name><name sortKey="Barashkov, Nikolay A" sort="Barashkov, Nikolay A" uniqKey="Barashkov N" first="Nikolay A." last="Barashkov">Nikolay A. Barashkov</name><name sortKey="Barashkov, Nikolay A" sort="Barashkov, Nikolay A" uniqKey="Barashkov N" first="Nikolay A." last="Barashkov">Nikolay A. Barashkov</name><name sortKey="Derenko, Miroslava" sort="Derenko, Miroslava" uniqKey="Derenko M" first="Miroslava" last="Derenko">Miroslava Derenko</name><name sortKey="Evseeva, Irina" sort="Evseeva, Irina" uniqKey="Evseeva I" first="Irina" last="Evseeva">Irina Evseeva</name><name sortKey="Fedorova, Sardana" sort="Fedorova, Sardana" uniqKey="Fedorova S" first="Sardana" last="Fedorova">Sardana Fedorova</name><name sortKey="Fedorova, Sardana" sort="Fedorova, Sardana" uniqKey="Fedorova S" first="Sardana" last="Fedorova">Sardana Fedorova</name><name sortKey="Khidiyatova, Irina" sort="Khidiyatova, Irina" uniqKey="Khidiyatova I" first="Irina" last="Khidiyatova">Irina Khidiyatova</name><name sortKey="Khidiyatova, Irina" sort="Khidiyatova, Irina" uniqKey="Khidiyatova I" first="Irina" last="Khidiyatova">Irina Khidiyatova</name><name sortKey="Khusainova, Rita" sort="Khusainova, Rita" uniqKey="Khusainova R" first="Rita" last="Khusainova">Rita Khusainova</name><name sortKey="Khusainova, Rita" sort="Khusainova, Rita" uniqKey="Khusainova R" first="Rita" last="Khusainova">Rita Khusainova</name><name sortKey="Khusnutdinova, Elza K" sort="Khusnutdinova, Elza K" uniqKey="Khusnutdinova E" first="Elza K." last="Khusnutdinova">Elza K. Khusnutdinova</name><name sortKey="Khusnutdinova, Elza K" sort="Khusnutdinova, Elza K" uniqKey="Khusnutdinova E" first="Elza K." last="Khusnutdinova">Elza K. Khusnutdinova</name><name sortKey="Lichman, Daria V" sort="Lichman, Daria V" uniqKey="Lichman D" first="Daria V." last="Lichman">Daria V. Lichman</name><name sortKey="Litvinov, Sergei" sort="Litvinov, Sergei" uniqKey="Litvinov S" first="Sergei" last="Litvinov">Sergei Litvinov</name><name sortKey="Malyarchuk, Boris" sort="Malyarchuk, Boris" uniqKey="Malyarchuk B" first="Boris" last="Malyarchuk">Boris Malyarchuk</name><name sortKey="Momynaliev, Kuvat" sort="Momynaliev, Kuvat" uniqKey="Momynaliev K" first="Kuvat" last="Momynaliev">Kuvat Momynaliev</name><name sortKey="Osipova, Ludmila P" sort="Osipova, Ludmila P" uniqKey="Osipova L" first="Ludmila P." last="Osipova">Ludmila P. Osipova</name><name sortKey="Pocheshkhova, Elvira" sort="Pocheshkhova, Elvira" uniqKey="Pocheshkhova E" first="Elvira" last="Pocheshkhova">Elvira Pocheshkhova</name><name sortKey="Trofimova, Natalya" sort="Trofimova, Natalya" uniqKey="Trofimova N" first="Natalya" last="Trofimova">Natalya Trofimova</name></country><country name="Nouvelle-Zélande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hudjashov, Georgi" sort="Hudjashov, Georgi" uniqKey="Hudjashov G" first="Georgi" last="Hudjashov">Georgi Hudjashov</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Cox, Murray P" sort="Cox, Murray P" uniqKey="Cox M" first="Murray P." last="Cox">Murray P. Cox</name></country><country name="Albanie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Zoraqi, Grigor" sort="Zoraqi, Grigor" uniqKey="Zoraqi G" first="Grigor" last="Zoraqi">Grigor Zoraqi</name></noRegion></country><country name="Danemark"><noRegion><name sortKey="Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand" sort="Korneliussen, Thorfinn Sand" uniqKey="Korneliussen T" first="Thorfinn Sand" last="Korneliussen">Thorfinn Sand Korneliussen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Muller, Craig" sort="Muller, Craig" uniqKey="Muller C" first="Craig" last="Muller">Craig Muller</name><name sortKey="Willerslev, Eske" sort="Willerslev, Eske" uniqKey="Willerslev E" first="Eske" last="Willerslev">Eske Willerslev</name><name sortKey="Willerslev, Rane" sort="Willerslev, Rane" uniqKey="Willerslev R" first="Rane" last="Willerslev">Rane Willerslev</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ricaut, Francois Xavier" sort="Ricaut, Francois Xavier" uniqKey="Ricaut F" first="François-Xavier" last="Ricaut">François-Xavier Ricaut</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Kusuma, Pradiptajati" sort="Kusuma, Pradiptajati" uniqKey="Kusuma P" first="Pradiptajati" last="Kusuma">Pradiptajati Kusuma</name><name sortKey="Pierron, Denis" sort="Pierron, Denis" uniqKey="Pierron D" first="Denis" last="Pierron">Denis Pierron</name><name sortKey="Razafindrazaka, Harilanto" sort="Razafindrazaka, Harilanto" uniqKey="Razafindrazaka H" first="Harilanto" last="Razafindrazaka">Harilanto Razafindrazaka</name></country><country name="Indonésie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kusuma, Pradiptajati" sort="Kusuma, Pradiptajati" uniqKey="Kusuma P" first="Pradiptajati" last="Kusuma">Pradiptajati Kusuma</name></noRegion></country><country name="Bangladesh"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar" sort="Sultana, Gazi Nurun Nahar" uniqKey="Sultana G" first="Gazi Nurun Nahar" last="Sultana">Gazi Nurun Nahar Sultana</name></noRegion></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Westaway, Michael" sort="Westaway, Michael" uniqKey="Westaway M" first="Michael" last="Westaway">Michael Westaway</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Lambert, David" sort="Lambert, David" uniqKey="Lambert D" first="David" last="Lambert">David Lambert</name></country><country name="Croatie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Skaro, Vedrana" sort="Skaro, Vedrana" uniqKey="Skaro V" first="Vedrana" last="Skaro">Vedrana Skaro</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Marjanovic, Damir" sort="Marjanovic, Damir" uniqKey="Marjanovic D" first="Damir" last="Marjanovic">Damir Marjanovic</name><name sortKey="Primorac, Dragan" sort="Primorac, Dragan" uniqKey="Primorac D" first="Dragan" last="Primorac">Dragan Primorac</name><name sortKey="Primorac, Dragan" sort="Primorac, Dragan" uniqKey="Primorac D" first="Dragan" last="Primorac">Dragan Primorac</name><name sortKey="Primorac, Dragan" sort="Primorac, Dragan" uniqKey="Primorac D" first="Dragan" last="Primorac">Dragan Primorac</name><name sortKey="Skaro, Vedrana" sort="Skaro, Vedrana" uniqKey="Skaro V" first="Vedrana" last="Skaro">Vedrana Skaro</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kova Evic, Lejla" sort="Kova Evic, Lejla" uniqKey="Kova Evic L" first="Lejla" last="Kova Evic">Lejla Kova Evic</name></noRegion></country><country name="Ouzbékistan"><noRegion><name sortKey="Turdikulova, Shahlo" sort="Turdikulova, Shahlo" uniqKey="Turdikulova S" first="Shahlo" last="Turdikulova">Shahlo Turdikulova</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Dalimova, Dilbar" sort="Dalimova, Dilbar" uniqKey="Dalimova D" first="Dilbar" last="Dalimova">Dilbar Dalimova</name></country><country name="Kirghizistan"><noRegion><name sortKey="Isakova, Jainagul" sort="Isakova, Jainagul" uniqKey="Isakova J" first="Jainagul" last="Isakova">Jainagul Isakova</name></noRegion></country><country name="Kazakhstan"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sabitov, Zhaxylyk" sort="Sabitov, Zhaxylyk" uniqKey="Sabitov Z" first="Zhaxylyk" last="Sabitov">Zhaxylyk Sabitov</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Sabitov, Zhaxylyk" sort="Sabitov, Zhaxylyk" uniqKey="Sabitov Z" first="Zhaxylyk" last="Sabitov">Zhaxylyk Sabitov</name></country><country name="Mongolie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn" sort="Nymadawa, Pagbajabyn" uniqKey="Nymadawa P" first="Pagbajabyn" last="Nymadawa">Pagbajabyn Nymadawa</name></noRegion></country><country name="Singapour"><noRegion><name sortKey="Seng, Joseph Wee Tien" sort="Seng, Joseph Wee Tien" uniqKey="Seng J" first="Joseph Wee Tien" last="Seng">Joseph Wee Tien Seng</name></noRegion></country><country name="Brunei"><noRegion><name sortKey="Abdullah, Syafiq" sort="Abdullah, Syafiq" uniqKey="Abdullah S" first="Syafiq" last="Abdullah">Syafiq Abdullah</name></noRegion></country><country name="Géorgie (pays)"><noRegion><name sortKey="Andriadze, George" sort="Andriadze, George" uniqKey="Andriadze G" first="George" last="Andriadze">George Andriadze</name></noRegion></country><country name="Ukraine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Atramentova, Lubov" sort="Atramentova, Lubov" uniqKey="Atramentova L" first="Lubov" last="Atramentova">Lubov Atramentova</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Utevska, Olga" sort="Utevska, Olga" uniqKey="Utevska O" first="Olga" last="Utevska">Olga Utevska</name></country><country name="Bosnie-Herzégovine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Marjanovic, Damir" sort="Marjanovic, Damir" uniqKey="Marjanovic D" first="Damir" last="Marjanovic">Damir Marjanovic</name></noRegion></country><country name="Biélorussie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kushniarevich, Alena" sort="Kushniarevich, Alena" uniqKey="Kushniarevich A" first="Alena" last="Kushniarevich">Alena Kushniarevich</name></noRegion></country><country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Gilissen, Christian" sort="Gilissen, Christian" uniqKey="Gilissen C" first="Christian" last="Gilissen">Christian Gilissen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Veltman, Joris A" sort="Veltman, Joris A" uniqKey="Veltman J" first="Joris A." last="Veltman">Joris A. Veltman</name><name sortKey="Vissers, Lisenka" sort="Vissers, Lisenka" uniqKey="Vissers L" first="Lisenka" last="Vissers">Lisenka Vissers</name></country><country name="Arabie saoudite"><noRegion><name sortKey="Eriksson, Anders" sort="Eriksson, Anders" uniqKey="Eriksson A" first="Anders" last="Eriksson">Anders Eriksson</name></noRegion></country><country name="Norvège"><noRegion><name sortKey="Johnsen, Knut" sort="Johnsen, Knut" uniqKey="Johnsen K" first="Knut" last="Johnsen">Knut Johnsen</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Asie/explor/AustralieFrV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 003226 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 003226 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Asie
|area= AustralieFrV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4381518
|texte= A recent bottleneck of Y chromosome diversity coincides with a global change in culture
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:25770088" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a AustralieFrV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |